EFEKTIFITAS TERAPI EKSPOSUR VIRTUAL REALITI SEBAGAI PEREDA KECEMASAN PADA KORBAN BENCANA: TINJAUAN SISTEMATIS

Yan Laras Malahayati, Khoirotul Badriyah

Abstract


Tahun 2018, banyak bencana yang melanda Indonesia. Kita ketahui bahwa wilayah NKRI secara geografis terletak pada wilayah yang rawan terhadap bencana alam, wilayah dengan banyak aktivitas tektonik karena terletak diantara lempeng Australia, lempeng Eurasia dan lempeng pasifik, serta berlokasi di cincin api pasifik. Sehingga mengakibatkan banyak korban jiwa meninggal, luka-luka dan selamat. Bencana memiliki efek yang buruk terhadap kesehatan mental seseorang yang terkena maupun yang berada diluar bencana. Karena banyaknya kerugian yang ditimbulkan dari bencana diperlukan adanya pelayanan kesehatan mental bagi para korban bencana salah satunya dengan terapi eksposur yang aman dan dapat diterima oleh responden. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektifitas terapi eksposur virtual realiti sebagai pereda kecemasan pada korban trauma pasca bencana. Metode penelitian menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif klien dengan gejala kecemasan pasca bencana dengan kriteria pemilihan studi menggunakan database Scopus, Science Direct oleh Randomize Control Trial (RCT). Hasil dari 26 jurnal yang dilakukan dan ditinjau, menunjukkan pentingnya menerapkan intervensi terapi eksposur dalam meredakan gejala kecemasan pada korban bencana, hal ini berguna untuk mengurangi dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan terhadap bencana seperti menurunnya kinerja maupun kualitas hidup korban bencana. Kesimpulannya adalah terapi eksposur ini dapat mengurangi gejala kecemasan, depresi, PTSD pada korban bencana.

Kata kunci: terapi eksposur virtual realiti, gangguan kecemasan, korban bencana


In 2018, many disaster attack Indonesia. We know that region of the Republic of Indonesia is geographically located in sensitive area to natural disasters, a region with many tectonic activities because it is located between the lempeng Australia, lempeng Eurasian and lempeng pacific, and it is located in the fire ring pacific. This resulted in many deaths, injuries and survivors. Disasters have a bad effect on the mental health who is affected or who is outside the disaster. Because much losses from disasters requires mental health services for disaster victims, one is exposure therapy that is safe and acceptable to respondents. The purpose was to determine the effectiveness of virtual reality exposure therapy for reduce anxiety to disaster victims. The met hod is a systematic review with symptoms of post disaster anxiety with study selection criteria using the scopus database, sciene direct by randomize control trial (RCT). Result from 26 journals and reviewed, showed the importance of applying exposure therapy to reduce anxiety in disaster victims. This is useful to reduce the negative impacts caused by disaster such as decreasing performance and quality of life. In conclusion, this exposure therapy can reduce symptoms of anxiety, depres sion, PTSD in disaster victims.

Keywords: virtual reality eksposure therapy, anxiety disorder, disaster victims



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